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The Physics and Function of Airbags
 
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The Physics and Function of Airbags

Airbags are designed to perform two basic functions in a vehicle accident: (1) provide a soft cushion between a passenger and hard objects, and (2) disperse the energy from an accident across the broadest surface area possible.  In a vehicle accident there are basically two collisions.  The first collision is between the vehicle and another object, for example a tree or another vehicle.  The second collision is between the occupant and another object, such as the interior of the car or another passenger.  The idea behind an airbag is to lessen the severity of injuries caused by this second collision. 

When a car is traveling at 45 miles per hour and hits a solid object, the car abruptly stops or quickly decelerates.  Unless restrained, a vehicle occupant will continue traveling at 45 miles per hour until they are met by an equal and opposite force.  The tendency of an object in motion to continue in motion until an external force is applied is known as Newton’s First Law of Motion.  Airbags and other vehicle safety equipment, such as seat belts, are designed around this principal and they are intended to provide a safe method of slowing the body down in the event of a sudden change in direction or speed.  They are also meant to disperse the kinetic energy from an accident across a broad surface area thereby reducing its destructive effect. 

A properly deployed airbag that is free from defect will reduce the frequency and severity of injuries in a vehicle accident.  The effectiveness of an airbag in preventing injury and death is dramatically increased when combined with other safety features such as seat belts and sturdily constructed vehicle roofs.  Many modern automotive manufacturers now include multiple airbags in their vehicles which, when properly designed and constructed, can provide passengers with protection during front, side, and rear collisions.  Unfortunately, airbag design and manufacturing defects are very common and result in thousands of unnecessary injuries and occupant deaths every year.  

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